Kdtyjb

I have noticed in many fictions especially a battle between spaceships exchanging fires in empty space, a pulse of laser hits the hull and the entire spaceship explodes into many pieces. How is it possible? Wouldn't the surface of the spaceship absorbs all the energy from the pulse and burns? Can energy based projectile pierce through many layers of structure and blow up the engine totally disregard beer-lambert law? Even pressurised compartment don't explodes that violently am I right?

Wouldn't the surface of the spaceship absorbs all the energy from the pulse and burns?

It might or might not absorb all of the energy, depending on what type of weapon is being considered (different wavelengths of laser light and different types of particle will have different properties). However, it won't burn in the sense you're probably thinking - the amount and, crucially, concentration of energy involved is enough to reduce parts of the hull to plasma. This is the principle of laser ablation. Plasma is much less dense than solid matter, e.g., hull plates. As a result, it expands violently as it changes phases. In other words, it explodes.

One interesting side effect is that if the explosion is too small to simply tear the ship apart, the ship will tend to direct the force outward. The plasma is propelled away from the ship, and as a consequence, the ship is propelled away from the plasma - making it look like laser strikes are physically knocking the ship around.

Even pressurised compartment don't explodes that violently am I right?

Of their own accord, they cannot. Depressurization is not generally as dramatic as shown in movies. These kinds of incidents (when they aren't made up out of whole cloth) tend to be based on airliners that suffer damage to the fuselage, which can indeed rip apart dramatically - but that's because airliners are flying into 500 mile per hour winds. Spacecraft obviously are doing no such thing, and the atmospheric pressure within isn't sufficient to do much damage.

However, if an energy weapon manages to strike through the hull, it will turn the air inside to plasma just as readily as the hull (even more readily, in fact, since it can skip a few endothermic steps along the way), destroying the ship from the inside. And, as AlexP points out in comments, there's always the possibility of touching off secondary explosions from sources like fuel, weapons, or volatile parts of the life support system.

Can energy based projectile pierce through many layers of structure and blow up the engine totally disregard beer-lambert law?

Give a look at this video showing the effect of a laser pulse on a droplet.

You will see that first the laser vaporize/nebulize part of the droplet, like you can see in the frame below

then the resulting shockwave actually deforms the droplet into something looking like a pancake, like you can see in the frame below

If the beam is energetic enough in the right wavelength and its dynamic is shorter than the dynamic of the targeted ship, it is plausible that the explosion happens in a dramatic way. The video again shows good example of such behavior.

A laser pulse is nothing else than concentrated light which carries an enormous amount of energy. If that beam of light hits the hull of a ship, the energy is transferred to the material of the hull (or penetrates it, depends on the wavelength and the material), which then is evaporated and turned to plasma. This plasma is expanding at incredible velocity, not unlike an explosion, and damaging other parts of the ship and the hull. The overall effect would be similar to a bombardment with HE-grenades (HighExposive).

Additionally, not every bit of the transmitted energy is going into the plasma, a certain amount will remain on the ship as heat. In a realistic setting, dissipation of heat is a major concern for a spaceship, and if the heat influx is greater than the heat outflux... well, I hope you like saunas.